Foundations of Essential Oil Therapy

Lesson 1: Cultivating our relationship with essential oils

Watch: Introduction to Essential Oil Monographs with Jade Shutes

Cultivating our relationship with essential oils

Essential oils are at the heart of our practice as aromatherapists, our core tools for supporting health and wellness as well as for treating imbalances and pathophysiological states. With so much information (both good and bad) being conveyed through social media about different essential oils, along with a growing emphasis on chemistry and biomedical/pharmaceutical derived information for their toxicity and therapeutic actions, it is our responsibility to ensure we have a strong foundation in our knowledge and experience of each essential oil we use so as to better integrate and evaluate the information or infographics we may come across.

Cultivating a personal relationship with each essential oil in one’s repertoire of aromatics is therefore paramount. Beyond the above reasons, cultivating a personal relationship with each essential oil provides you with the confidence and empowerment in using them for diverse clients and a wide range of health conditions or imbalances.

The aromatherapy monographs have been created to provide you with a range of information that supports and encourages this relationship.

Each essential oil monograph covers the following information:

BOTANICAL INFORMATION

Common names: Sweet Marjoram
Scientific (Latin) name: Origanum majorana L.
Botanical family: Lamiaceae
Conservation status: Not defined

Nomenclature and conservation status: The first part of the plant monograph informs us about the plant’s classification and nomenclature: its vernacular names, Latin name, the botanical family, and, and the conservation status of the plant. In the above example, the vernacular name is: sweet marjoram.

Common names, otherwise known as vernacular names, are included so you can link common names with the Latin.

The Scientific (Latin) name is composed of the genus, in this case Origanum; the species name, majorana; and the botanist who first described the plant noted with an abbreviation such as ‘L.” (L. refers to the botanist, Linnaeus). The Latin name can provide a lot of useful information. It is more precise than common names, which can be ambiguous: the same common name can apply to different plants, and the same plant can be known by different common names. Each plant only carries one valid Latin name, but the Latin names are updated from time to time. Sometimes we commonly refer to a plant by its previously accepted Latin name. To accommodate this, we may list the previously accepted (and older) Latin names as synonyms.

Sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana) belongs in the family known as the Lamiaceae. An awareness of plant families will help you create a framework through which you can derive similarities in traits, either physical or biochemical.

*Find names of botanist by their initials here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_botanists_by_author_abbreviation_(P)

Occasionally a plant has more than one botanical name which is represented with the word syn or synonym which means ‘the same as’. *All Latin names have been verified by using: Germplasm Resources Information Network and the United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Botanical family: Each essential oil bearing plant belongs to a specific botanical family. Often a group of plants within one given botanical family will have common characteristics, whether chemically or in therapeutic action. Occasionally there are two names, one followed by the word ‘syn’, meaning ‘the same as’. The first name is the most current and accepted name while the second one is its formerly accepted name. This can be helpful in researching an essential oil as information will be listed under both the older and modern names.

Conservation status:

The conservation status informs us to what degree a plant is likely to become extinct in the wild. The medicinal use of plants is responsible for the depletion and even extinction of wild plants. Information on conservation status is taken from the IUCN Red List, which defines extinction risk using criteria such as areas of occupancy, population numbers, reproductive rate and success, current and projected threats to the species and its habitat, and so on.

Conservation status ranges from Least Concern, which means the plant is not threatened, all the way to Extinct, meaning it has disappeared completely. In between these extremes are Near Threatened, Vulnerable, Endangered, Critically Endangered, and Extinct in the Wild. This information should guide which plants (essential oils) you use and how you source them.

Extraction Information

Country of origin: The country of origin reflects the country where the essential oil is either indigenous or where it is cultivated or harvested in the wild for the express purpose of distilling and yielding an essential oil. The country of origin can considerably affect the chemical composition of the essential oils.

The country of origin can also have an affect, or perceived effect, on the quality of the oil produced. For instance, most aromatherapists believe Bulgarian rose (Rosa damascena) to be far superior to Turkish rose of the same species & Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) from the high altitudes of France to be superior to the Tasmanian, Croatian, or American essential oil from the same species. Although it is true, the evaluation of the aroma of the rose, for example, is in the nose of the one who is smelling!

Part of plant used: This is the part of the plant distilled to obtain the essential oil. Note: The term ‘flowering tops’ means that the flowers and top leaves are distilled.

Extraction method: The most common method of extraction for that particular plant

Essential oil yield: (v/w) ¥ (v/w) This means the yield of essential oil in volume, typically milliliters per 100 grams of plant material. Thus, the yield is dependent upon the amount of plant matter processed. For instance, geranium 0.3- to 2% per 100 grams. This means one would yield approximately 0.3 to 2 mls of essential oil per 100 grams of plant material by weight.

Occasionally, the yield will be given in w/w terms which means the yield of essential oil in weight (grams) per 100 grams of plant material.

The essential oil yield as well as the chemical composition of an essential oil is influenced by environmental factors such as moisture, temperature, light intensity, soil type, salinity of soil, nutrition, and the amount of sunlight the plant receives. Other factors include genetics, abiotic and biotic stressors.

Color of oil: A description of the color range of the individual essential oil

AROMATIC CHEMISTRY:

Essential oils may contain over 200+ unique chemical components, many of which may appear at less then 1%. Each essential oil has, what are considered to be, active or major chemical components that influence its therapeutic activity and behavior. In this section, the major components are provided.

NOTE: The chemical composition of any individual essential oil can vary greatly depending on country of origin, environment, harvest time, etc.

As aromatherapist, we are able to generalize some of the therapeutic activity of an essential oil via the chemical family or families of components most present in a given essential oil. We are also able to obtain insight into the therapeutic activity of an essential oil due to the presence of specific components.

For instance, an essential oil rich in esters is considered to be generally calming to the nervous system whereas an essential oil rich in phenols will be highly effective as an antimicrobial agent. We could be even more specific by stating something like: The active components of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil are linalool (a monoterpene alcohol) and linalyl acetate (an ester). These components contribute to the sedative and anti-inflammatory activity of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil.

SAFETY INFORMATION

This section lists the current safety data for the essential oil.

THERAPEUTIC ACTIONS

This section details the therapeutic activity of the essential oil. The actions listed are those that have either empirical acceptance or that can be supported by research. Please note that some of the research references are placed in this section. This research is typically based upon in vitro or animal studies unless otherwise noted. The core actions for which the essential oil is most used and known for within aromatherapy practice are highlighted in bold text.

SYSTEM AFFINITIES

An essential oil often displays a certain affinity with a specific system, organ, or function. In this section, we list the core systems of the body for which the essential oil has an affinity. Herbs and essential oils often have a predilection for a certain organ or function. This is called a tropism.

BLENDING INFORMATION

Aroma description: The general description of the aroma of the individual essential oil
Blending factor: The blending factor is a tool designed to support the formulation of balanced blends and synergies.
Notes: The note theory was adopted from the perfume industry. Base notes evaporate more slowly than top notes. Base notes are used as fixatives while top notes represent the first aroma smelled. Mid notes are used to balance the blend in perfumery.

CORE INDICATIONS

This section is designed to list the most common and traditional uses of the essential oil. Like the Therapeutic actions section, these indications are those which can be supported by either strong empirical (experience or clinical practice), clinical research, or other relevant research.

The core indications are listed first for systems of the body and then for emotion/psyche applications. They are not in any particular order of importance or effectiveness.

CODES

In the Core Indications section after each system there are one or more codes such as C+++, O++, or D+. These codes indicate route of administration (e.g. C – cutaneous) and whether that method is highly recommended, recommended or supportive. The chart below outlines the codes used throughout the monographs on essential oils.

RESEARCH

The use of scientific research to support various properties of essential oils is in vogue in todays aromatherapy community. Often however, there is little clarity as to whether the study as on humans, animals, or in vitro. The School for Aromatic Studies monographs clearly present Human studies, Animal studies, and In vitro studies. When possible, a link has been provided in the Reference section noted with: ‘Retrieved from’. Other papers have been purchased and are unable to be shared.

Lesson 8: Undiluted/Neat Application

Watch: About Undiluted Application

UNDILUTED APPLICATION

Undiluted or “neat” application is the use of essential oils applied directly to the skin without a carrier or base oil. In general, undiluted application is only applied in a specific localized area, most commonly for acute conditions, treatment work, or for reflex/acupressure work.

The undiluted application of essential oils is a highly controversial topic within the aromatherapy industry. Leading authors and educators all differ in their opinions and usually can be found in one of two camps—those who believe the undiluted application of essential oils is extremely beneficial and indeed called upon under specific circumstances and those who believe that essential oils should absolutely not be placed on the skin undiluted and that doing so is not only extremely hazardous but also unprofessional. Like internal use, the pendulum swings from one extreme to the other without providing an appropriate context of when and why this is SOMETIMES appropriate.

Many aromatherapy practitioners believe that only the following essential oils should be used undiluted: Lavandula angustifolia, Melaleuca alternifolia, Helichrysum italicum, and Chamaemelum nobile. Given the list provided, it would make sense that many other essential oils with similar chemical makeup should also be considered safe for undiluted application when done under proper conditions by a trained and knowledgeable therapist or individual.

Undiluted application may be appropriate for the following acute conditions:

Acne (spot treatment)
Cold sore (sandalwood or geranium works great!)
Minor burn (although I have actually found lavender or cape chamomile in aloe vera gel works much better!)
Minor skin trauma or infection
Insect bites
Migraines (acute)
Bruises (acute – when it first happens, applying Helichrysum italicum and/or Matricaria recutita can be incredibly beneficial!)
Musculoskeletal trauma (e.g. whip lash: think Helichyrsum italicum and/or Matricaria recutita)
Reflex or acupressure work
Ear infections (just behind ear and on reflex points associated to the ears on the feet)

Specific essential oils that tend to be safe to apply undiluted include tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) **Be sure it has not oxidized!, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), helichrysum (Helichrysum italicum), Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile), rose (Rosa damascena), and sandalwood (Santalum album or Santalum spicatum), Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus radiata or globulus), Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis), etc. It is important to only use a small amount (1 to 2 drops) of essential oil. Other essential oils may be used for reflex or acupressure points; however, care should be taken in selecting essential oils, and essential oils that can be irritating, sensitizing, or are rich in aldehydes or phenols should be avoided altogether for undiluted application due to dermal irritation or sensitization which may occur.

Safety note: Some individuals within the aromatherapy profession are quick to point out that it would seem to be more prudent to err on the side of caution due to the litigious society we live in. From the author’s point of view, we have included undiluted application because it has some valid uses. However, it is up to the individual practitioner to decide whether this method of application is right for them and/or their client. (from our book, Aromatherapy for Bodyworkers) Please note, too, that we are not advocating the wide spread usage of undiluted essential oils but rather simply to find a middle ground. It is not ‘Never apply undiluted’ NOR is it to apply undiluted essential oils with abandon. One must always have a purpose, a reason for doing so that is based upon the safety of the individual essential oils being utilized.

My own observations over the years have been:

Not all individuals can have undiluted essential oils applied to their skin. Fair-skinned or red-headed individuals tend to be more sensitive, but it could be anyone. Best to err on the side of caution for sure. When I lived in Seattle (even today during the winter months), I often applied 3-4 drops of Eucalyptus globulus to my neck each morning. I never had a reaction. Then, one day, I did this on a friend, and he quickly got two red lines of irritation on his neck where I had placed the oil. He was fair-skinned. Lesson learned. Although no harm was done, I am sure clients would not appreciate this.

Not all irritation is of the same strength. In my advanced program, I have each of the students apply undiluted thyme ct. thymol onto the inside of their arm. Over the years, I have noticed the following:

1. some individuals react very quickly with inflammation directly in the area where the oil was applied
2. some individuals do not react at all and experience only a hint of warmth
3. some individuals have a reaction that is localized and then spreads either in a vertical line or diffused throughout a larger area
4. some individuals find the sensation quite unpleasant
5. some experience irritation, but it does not bother them

Another friend of mine applied lavender (source unknown and questionable quality) on her daughter’s neck, and her daughter experienced what looked like chemical burns. Not horrible but clearly not good. It took about 2 weeks for the marks to heal. Lesson learned: The quality of the essential oil is crucial! This could possibly have happened with a high-quality oil as perhaps her daughter had very sensitive skin, but I suspect the quality of essential oil in this particular case.

Undiluted can also look like – Yet another friend used lemongrass in water and then cleaned her house with it. Unbeknownst to me, she did not like to use gloves so she had cleaned her home with a relatively high dilution of Lemongrass in warm water. She experienced quite severe dermatitis. It took about 3 weeks to go away. Lesson learned: when using lemongrass or other similar oils to clean with, wear gloves!

I have had hormone-related migraines for years now. Acupuncture treatment helps them to go away for quite a while but when I don’t have acupuncture in a while, they return. I have been using undiluted peppermint to ease the pain, provide a sense of cooling, and to serve as a vasoconstrictor. Sometimes, the peppermint prevents the migraine from becoming full-blown; other times, it simply takes the edge off enough so I can sleep it away. I use a fair amount of peppermint: basically, add about 7-10 drops in my palm and rub on my scalp, then 7 drops on finger tips to rub on my temples, then another 7 drops to rub on my neck up into the occipital bone area. I get huge relief from this. The peppermint feels great and the smell helps to ease tension.

What I know is that this method of application for peppermint is not for everyone. What I also know, is that sometimes individuals stating that this is ‘crazy’ have obviously never had a migraine. For some individuals, this type of peppermint application would not feel good. In fact, to some individuals, peppermint may feel heating instead of cooling and hence further aggravate the migraine. Use caution if you plan on trying this. Use a little essential oil and see how it works for you. One thing for sure, always wash your hands thoroughly after applying any essential oil undiluted so as to avoid accidentally rubbing your eyes (ouch!) with essential oil/s on your hands.

Ear infections: My son, Soren, exhibited possible otitis media symptoms at about 8 months of age. His symptoms included: unusual irritability, tugging at ear and inability to sleep through the night (highly unusual). He was being bottle fed which is one of the potential causes of otitis media. I applied 2 drops of Helichrysum italicum and Chamaemelum nobile each right behind both of his ears. I used my finger (both hands were washed before applying e/o’s) to rub the essential oils behind his ears and also placed my finger inside his ear. There appeared to be almost immediate relief, and by the next day, all signs of otitis media had disappeared.

Catty (2005) has found that Monarda fistula (purple bee balm, bee balm) essential oil and hydrosol to be highly effective in the treatment of otitis media. In two case studies she documented the following: One drop of M. fistulosa was applied undiluted to the index finger of the mother’s hand; the oil was then applied to the solar plexus and lung reflex points of the foot. Care was taken to apply the oil when the child was asleep or being put down for a nap to avoid the child playing with her feet, touching the oil and then getting that oil near her eyes or face. If this was not possible, then after application the feet were covered with socks. One drop was applied three times a day for the first three days and then twice daily for four more days. According to Catty, virtually all signs of the infection resolved within the first three to four days of treatment.

Catty noted that other potential methods of application include a compress to the external ear and temporal/mandibular areas, which can offer great relief from pain, swelling, and inflammation and can also facilitate the draining of fluid and infection. Her final comment was that ‘perhaps the most important observation is that in virtually every case of OM that she has treated, the use of essential oils not only cleared up the infection but also prevented any re-occurrence, even in those cases where the infection was chronic or had recurred on several occasions despite antibiotic treatment.

Respiratory congestion: For just about everyone in my family and on clients when needed (when I practiced massage and/or reflexology), I have used undiluted essential oils of eucalyptus, rosemary, peppermint, lemon, tea tree, or ginger for easing respiratory congestion and supporting the immune system, particularly at night. Just a couple of drops are applied to the chest, feet, and/or neck. I have seen this method work over and over again. It is easy and harmless if done properly and in appropriate age groups (e.g., over the age of 5).

Years ago, when I taught a class up in Alaska to a group of Young Living distributors, I noticed that when I began to do a massage on a few of them, using diluted essential oils, that both sides of their spine would go bright red from sensitization. It is possible that due to the overuse or misuse of RDT, they became sensitized to a number of different essential oils. Not good, but probably not as harmful as eating at a fast-food restaurant or eating processed food containing a host of synthetic additives and food colorings 🙂 Not advocating RDT here but simply recognizing that any method misused and/or overused or used for inappropriate reasons can create safety issues.

I have used essential oils undiluted for things such as bruises, trauma to tissue caused by hockey puck hitting leg (German chamomile and Helichrysum), burns (Lavandula angustifolia or L. latifolia), scrapes, chigger bites (cape chamomile), ringworm on my dog (tea tree), shingles, infected acne spot (thyme ct. linalool) and about once a day I place a few drops of essential oil (lavender, rosemary, eucalyptus, sandalwood, etc.) to do direct palm inhalation and then rub anything left on my neck or chest. I have also used essential oils undiluted during reflexology sessions and for extreme pain in the neck and shoulder area with a warm compress during massage sessions. Finally, I have found that the use of more sedative oils on the soles of the feet can be quite helpful for individuals with insomnia or anxiety.

No matter what the response, however, undiluted application thankfully did NOT kill anyone nor did it ever cause any significant or long-lasting harm. It takes anywhere from 1 to 5 hours for irritation to dissipate with the exception of severe contact dermatitis or what may be more a ‘chemical’ burn. This can take 1-2 weeks to heal. And of course, once sensitized to an essential oil, it can take a lifetime to get over (both because of the physiological response and due to the memory-based association). Some may consider sensitization as long-term harm since they won’t be able to use the particular essential oil/s that caused the sensitization, but it is not long-term ‘harm’ per se. Simply a tragedy that an oil or two can no longer be used, in my humble opinion anyhow.

MAIN LESSON

So, the main lesson I have learned from all the above experiences and others I have had over the years is to respect the individual constitution and have a reason or purpose for applying the essential oils undiluted in the first place. Above all, I think it is important to know your essential oils. Know and understand their therapeutic actions, their chemistry, their nature, and even the plant that brings them forth, if at all possible.

When considering applying essential oils undiluted, ask yourself, for what purpose?

Professional Observations:

The undiluted application of essential oils is a highly controversial topic in aromatherapy. Practitioners and educators are divided on the issue. Current standards for aromatherapy education in the United States do not prohibit undiluted application.

According to Kurt Schnaubelt, author of Advanced Aromatherapy and Medical Aromatherapy: “It appears that most, if not all, of the sweeping generalizations, are not inspired by a thorough analysis of potential toxicity, but by a sentiment to err on the side of safety. The aim is to establish simple rules which would prevent a public, often perceived as less than intelligent, from incurring any and all adverse reactions with essential oils”. He recommends that a more balanced approach be adopted based on individual essential oils and their therapeutic efficacy and safety.

To utilize the undiluted application of essential oils effectively, a practitioner must be able to balance their understanding of the therapeutic benefits and applications of a given essential oil with possible concerns. From this knowledge base, a practitioner or individual is empowered to make a responsible professional decision to use undiluted applications when deemed necessary or appropriate.

My own experience and practice have taught me that there are indeed times when the undiluted application of essential oils is called for. We certainly should not live in fear but rather should work towards gaining a greater understanding of the potential benefits of this form of application so that it may be used wisely and for therapeutic benefit. I think that sometimes individuals can be so overly concerned with safety that they may forget to see the forest through the trees.

For further reading, I recommend:
The Healing Intelligence of Essential Oils by Kurt Schnaubelt.

Lesson 7: Compress and Hot Towels

COMPRESS

A hot towel cabinet is a valuable and convenient addition to any treatment room. This compact metal box is designed to maintain a regulated temperature and features a built-in UV bulb that helps inhibit bacterial growth, ensuring the towels remain sanitary.

Using a hot towel cabinet is straightforward; simply plug it into an electrical outlet and place it on a shelf that is out of the way. By preparing aromatic towels in advance, you can effortlessly incorporate the use of moist heat into your massage sessions, even during basic treatments. This simple tool enhances your client’s experience and provides additional therapeutic benefits without significantly altering your routine.

In general, aromatherapy hot towels are useful to:

Relax tight or sore muscles
Increase overall relaxation
Improve local circulation
Remove salt glows, scrubs, or masks
Use as a welcoming or departing ritual just prior to or immediately following the massage session.

To create a compress using essential oils, follow these steps:

Fill a sink or large bowl with approximately 1 liter of water, adjusting the temperature to your preference (hot or cold).
Add 5 to 10 drops of your selected essential oils or ½ to 1 cup of hydrosol to the water. If desired, you may add a dispersant such as Solubol to help distribute the essential oils evenly. Just remember, if you are using Solubol, combine essential oils with Solubol first and then add to water.
Place a cotton or flannel cloth in the water and gently swish it around to ensure it absorbs the oil-infused water.
Wring out the cloth to your desired level of moisture.
Apply the compress to the area requiring treatment.
For a hot compress, leave it in place until it cools to body temperature. Then, repeat the process by soaking the cloth in the water again and reapplying. Repeat this process 3 to 4 times.
For a cold compress, refresh the compress every 5 to 7 minutes by re-soaking it in the cold water and reapplying.

Therapeutic dilution recommendation:
To 1 liter of water, place 5 to 10 drops of essential oil/s or 1 to 3 drops of essential oil directly on the compress.

Adding hydrosols: For adults, add 3 to 5 tablespoons of hydrosols to a liter of water at the desired temperature; for children, add 2 to 3 teaspoons of hydrosols per 1 liter of water.

Hot or Cold?

Menstrual cramps (warm/hot)
Respiratory congestion (warm/hot)
Bruises (cold/warm)
Skin inflammations (cold)
Varicose veins (cold)
Comfort care (warm)
To bring down temperature/fever (warm)

HOT TOWEL CABINET

Relax tight or sore muscles
Increase overall relaxation
Improve local circulation
Remove salt glows, scrubs, or masks
Use as a welcoming or departing ritual, just prior to or immediately following the massage session

To prepare hot towels:
Fill a sink or small tub with hot water. Add 3 to 5 drops of your chosen essential oil and mix. Add 5 to 10 small hand towels. Soak towels for a few minutes, wring out well, and roll or fold. Place in the towel cabinet and let heat for at least 30 minutes prior to treatment.

Safety Note: When removing towels from the cabinet, be careful not to touch the inner walls with your hands, as you may get burned. Also, unfold the towels and test them on your inner forearm just prior to using them on your client. Although professional-grade cabinets are supposed to maintain a safe temperature, you may need to allow the towel to cool for just a moment before applying it to your client’s skin.

Lesson 6: Gels

Watch About Gels with Jade

GELS

Aloe vera is a succulent perennial plant belonging to the lily family that grows wild in Madagascar and large portions of the African continent. Because of its many therapeutic uses, it is now commercially cultivated in the United States, Japan, and countries in the Caribbean and Mediterranean. Aloe vera is a common houseplant.

The aloe plant is best known for its healing aloe vera gel, a thin, clear, jelly-like substance that can be squeezed or scraped from the inner part of the fleshy leaf. A soothing juice is also made from this gel.

Aloe vera gel has some amazing therapeutic benefits, including anti-inflammatory , antibacterial , antifungal2, cooling, and hydrating effects. Aloe vera gel is increasingly being employed for aromatic applications for the skin and muscular system, and is used for localized applications for muscular aches and pains, varicose veins, burns , wound healing, and other tissue damage.

Potential toxicity: Although rare, hypersensitivity reactions have occurred and that preparations using aloe vera gel should not be used for treating deep vertical wounds, such as those produced during cesarean delivery. In these cases, aloe vera may delay wound healing. Individuals who are hypersensitive to aloe vera may experience a burning sensation on the skin. It may be prudent to ask allergy-sensitive individuals if they have a possible allergy to aloe vera or to administer the patch test to ensure that a reaction will not result.
In general, gels are useful for:

Inflamed skin conditions
Muscle aches and pains
Thin or fragile skin (elderly)
Varicose veins
Bug bites
Supporting hydration of the skin
Migraines/Headaches
Burns
Wound healing (ulcers)
To cool inflamed, itchy skin

Gel Base Options
Aloe vera gel products come in four main types: aloe vera juice (used in cream and lotion formulation), aloe vera gel, aloe vera gelly, and aloe vera gel base*. When making a gel, I most frequently use aloe vera gel and aloe vera gelly. Both of these gels can be combined with additional water (hydrosols) and carrier oil (including herbal oils) to create a customized product.

During my mentorship with Jan Kusmirek, his company, Fragrant Earth, provided an exceptional gel base that allowed me to add hydrosols, herbal oils, carrier oils, and other botanical actives. I absolutely loved it. Recently, I discovered an aloe vera gel base that offers similar capabilities, with the only exception being the inability to add hydrosols.

Gel Dilution Rates:

For infants:

5% dilution = 3-5 drops

For adults:

Sensitive skin:5-1% dilution
Normal, healthy skin: 1- 2.5% dilution
Acute inflammation or pain:5 – 5% dilution

Do I need to use a preservative?

When creating a product for resale, it’s advisable to consider adding a preservative to your gel, as water-based products are susceptible to the growth of mold and bacteria. While preservatives are beneficial for maintaining the integrity and safety of retail products, they are not essential for gels intended for personal use at home. Including preservatives will also increase the overall cost of producing the gel.

If you choose not to use a preservative in your homemade gel, there are a few important steps you can take to minimize the risk of contamination. First, always use distilled water instead of tap water, as distilled water is free from impurities and microorganisms that could contribute to the growth of mold or bacteria. Second, ensure that you use the gel within 1-2 months of making it. This relatively short shelf life helps to prevent the development of any unwanted microorganisms that could potentially harm your skin or compromise the quality of the product.

By following these guidelines and maintaining proper hygiene during the production process, you can create a safe and effective gel for personal use without the added expense of preservatives.

Note: Potential Preservatives to use include Leucidal, Geogard Ultra^TM, OptiphenTM bsb-w preservative, Geogard ECT^TM, or Euxyl™ k 903. If you are going to use a preservative, please read the supplier information on pH requirements, dilution rate, and how to combine it with the product.

How to formulate a gel with Aloe vera GELLY

This gel is designed to fill two 2-ounce glass jars.

My intention/goal: To create a soothing gel that can be used to relieve itchiness from bug bites and also on sunburn during the summer months.
My focus: Relieve itch, soothe sunburn
My approach: System affinities/Therapeutic Actions

1. Select 3-5 essential oils to work (Core/Enhance/Harmonize)

2. Select other ingredients (includes carrier oils, herbal oils, hydrosols)

This formula had a weight of 108.45g.
Each 2oz jar weighed approximately 54.23 grams.

3. Using a small (10ml) beaker, add drops of each essential oil. After adding drops of one essential oil, press the tare to weigh each individual essential oil.
4. In another glass beaker or measuring cup, combine aloe vera gelly, hydrosols and calendula herbal oil. Weigh each ingredient and tare the scale in between each ingredient.
5. Combine essential oils into the base.
6. Stir ingredients until well combined.
7. Once combined, use a silicon spatula to scoop the gel into the jars. Each jar should hold approximately 54.23 grams of gel.
8. Label the bottle with the name and list all ingredients.
9. The gel is now ready for use.

Shelf life

A gel without a preservative will be good for approximately 1-2 months. I recommend using it within 1 month. Store in a cool room or in the refrigerator.

How to Use
Apply gel to localized areas for relief of bug bites or apply to areas of the body that have been sunburned. This gel is cooling, soothing to inflammation, and relieves itchiness.

Pain Gel

I’ve been making this pain gel for over 30 years now. My father swears that it relieves his back pain. I typically had made it with St. John’s wort and Arnica herbal oils but decided to try Black cumin CO2 extract in this formulation.

Watch video reel on making this gel here!

Recipe

2 fl. oz (57g) Aloe Vera gel
1 tsp Black cumin CO2 total extract (can leave out or replace with arnica herbal oil or CO2 extract or St. John’s wort herbal oil)
25 drops Laurel essential oil
10 drops Peppermint essential oil
10 drops Wintergreen essential oil

Combine all ingredients in a glass measuring cup. Whisk to combine. Using a funnel, pour into a 2oz bottle. Place the pump lid on and shake. Note: You may need to give it a good shake before each use.

Use as needed to relieve pain.

Safety note: Avoid mucus membranes and wash hands after applying to avoid getting into your eyes if you happen to need to rub your eyes after applying.

Pain Gel Recipe #2

This is the same formulation as above but with the Aloe Vera Gel Base from Shay and Company. (https://shayandcompany.com/product/aloe-vera-gel-base-made-with-organic-aloe/)

This recipe makes one 2 oz jar and one ½ oz jar.

Using a small (10ml) beaker, add drops of each essential oil. After adding drops of one essential oil, press the tare to weigh each individual essential oil.
Combine the aloe vera gel base and St. John’s wort in another glass beaker or measuring cup. Weigh each ingredient and tare the scale between each ingredient.
Combine essential oils into the base.
Stir ingredients until well combined.
Once combined, use a silicon spatula to scoop the gel into the jars.
Label the bottle with the name and list all ingredients.
The gel is now ready for use.

Use as needed to relieve pain.

Safety note: Avoid mucus membranes and wash your hands after applying to avoid getting it into your eyes if you need to rub them after applying.

About Case Studies (FAF)

You are required to complete 5 Case studies for your Foundations of Essential Oil Therapy certification. You can perform consultations with yourself, family members, friends, and/or existing clients. You will want to have at least 2 sessions:

Session 1: To perform a full consultation and create product/s to give to your client to use. (*Sometimes you will need some time to make product so it is possible that you give your client their product a few days after the consultation. This is fine.)
Session 2: To follow up and see how your client responded to the product/s you gave to him/her. (*Even if a client reports that they did not have time to use the product, this is important! Although we hope not all your case studies go this way. But it is still an important aspect of the consultation process.)

To complete this assignment you will need to print out the Consultation consultation form. This is available either as a word doc or pdf file. Feel free to add questions or take questions out. This is just a general framework for questions you could explore with your client.

You will also find directions below on how to write up your case studies to be submitted to the school. Please note: we do not need your consultation form, just a synopsis of what is happening with the client, their general health, etc. Be sure to follow the Case study documentation when writing up your case studies!

To complete your case studies:

Print out the Consultation Form (word doc) OR
Print out the Consultation Form (pdf file)
Perform 5 case studies
Here is a guide to how you should set up your case studies for submission to school: Case Study – How to

Thoughts: Try to use only the 24 essential oils covered in this program. If you really need to use something else, feel free to do so but first think about the 24.

Try to make products for different types of applications: e.g. make an inhaler, make a bath salt, make a cream, etc.

Enjoy!

How to Complete Foundations of Essential Oil Therapy Certificate Course

You’re ALMOST Done! You are now ready to complete the final requirements for the Foundations of Essential Oil Therapy Certification Program.

As you learned in the Getting Started lesson in Module 1, to receive your certification, you will need to:

Complete 5 case studies.
Complete Final Exam.

In the next three sections are the following:

How to do your case studies and documentation
How to upload or send in your case studies
Your final exam.

Please let us know if you have any questions. Good luck!!!

Lesson 5b: Aromatic Diffusion

DIFFUSION

The word ‘diffusion’ is defined as the state of being spread out or transmitted, especially by contact, or the action of diffusing (to pour out and permit or cause to spread freely).

Diffusion, in our case, refers to a method of transmitting essential oils (volatile components) into the air within a specified area and for a specified reason/goal.

Diffusing essential oils into the environment can potentially offer a wide range of benefits, including:

Reduce or alleviate stress and anxiety
Relieve pain by altering pain perception (in the brain)
Induce sleep or relaxation
Increase alertness and overall performance
Be used for weight control or loss
Improved duration and patterns of sleeping
Affect and improve mood and increase overall emotional well-being
Ease physical ailments, particularly stress-related disorders
Help shape our impressions of self and others
A reduction of adrenal corticosteroid output to within normal parameters
Reduction of blood pressure
Increased concentration levels
Immune response modulation
Improved sense of well-being
Great ability to cope with immediate or long-term stressors (Resiliency)
Reduction in muscular tension

Methods of diffusion

Nebulizer Diffuser

A nebulizer diffuser consists of two main components: an air pump and a hand-blown glass expansion chamber (nebulizer). The glass chamber features special internal tubes and baffles that play a crucial role in the diffusion process. When the air pump pushes air into the glass chamber, the essential oil comes into contact with the baffles, causing it to ‘break’ and be discharged into the atmosphere as a fine mist of microdroplets. This process ensures an even and efficient distribution of the essential oil throughout the desired space.

The nebulizer diffuser is a more suitable tool for dispersing essential oils in traditional and nontraditional healthcare settings than candle diffusers or even ultrasonic diffusers.

Recommended Usage:

The traditional glass nebulizers are designed to have essential oils dropped into the glass piece. Typically, 20-30 drops are sufficient. Some modern nebulizers are designed to hold a 5ml bottle of an essential oil or essential oil synergy. Many also come with a timer as a part of the unit. Therefore, you can either use a single essential oil and attach it to the unit or make up a 5ml synergy to use.

Ultrasonic Diffuser

An ultrasonic diffuser uses ultrasonic vibrations to disperse essential oils (aromatics) and water into a fine mist. Unlike a nebulizing diffuser, it uses water to which essential oils are added.

How to Use:

Remove the unit’s cover and add water to the container until it reaches the water marker.
Add 5 to 12 drops of essential oils or synergy into the water.
Replace the cover.
Connect the unit to a power source.
Turn the diffuser on.
Select the desired time setting for the mist.
LED light can be turned off independently.

How much essential oil to use in Ultrasonic diffusers

The standard recommendation is to add 5 to 12 drops of an essential oil or essential oil synergy (a combination of essential oils only) to the water. If you are diffusing in a room for an infant, try hydrosols or keep the drops at 5 or 6. If you are diffusing for adults only, I recommend going up to 10 or 12 drops, especially if you are going to run the diffuser for an hour. This will keep a consistent aroma in the air.

Clay candle or electric pottery diffusers

Clay candle and electronic pottery diffusers have a simple design and come in one or two pieces. They typically have an area on the top to place water and essential oil drops and an area beneath which holds a tea candle or electric heating system. They were once widely available from aromatherapy and other specialty suppliers; however, these days, the ultrasonic diffuser has risen in popularity. This type of diffuser provides a very simple and affordable method of environmental fragrancing that can be employed for home use. Most hospitals, hospices, and other healthcare facilities do not allow the use of candles in patient rooms.

Recommended Usage:

Place a small amount of water in the bowl or cup (top of diffusor) and add 5-10 drops of essential oil. Light a candle or plug in a diffuser.

Watch Video: Diffusing Essential Oils

PDF of Presentation: Diffusing Essential Oils

E-Book: Diffusing Essential Oils E-book

Lesson 5: Inhalation

Watch: About Inhalation

Watch: Inhalation Part 2: Formulating an inhaler

Inhalation refers to the act of breathing in or drawing in a substance such as air or, in our case, essential oils. Aromatic inhalations are most commonly used for their therapeutic benefits on emotional well-being or on the upper respiratory system. Aromatic inhalation is also used for smell training when individuals lose their sense of smell or experience a reduction in their sense of smell.

Benefit of Inhalations for the Respiratory System

Essential oil inhalation can reduce nasal congestion and open up the nasal passages. Steam inhalations, specifically, may be used to reduce congestion, expectorate mucus, and soothe dry nasal passages.

Benefit of Inhalations for Emotional Well-being

Inhalations may be used for their ability to relieve emotional distress, to relieve stress and anxiety, or to reduce agitation and irritability. Aromatic inhalations can relax and calm or stimulate, energize and inspire. Inhalation can also serve to support an individual during times of depression, trauma, or grieving.

Other benefits of essential oil inhalation include:

To relieve Insomnia or other sleep disorders
To open up nasal passage and reduce inflammation due to rhinitis (allergy)
To reduce or prevent motion sickness or travel sickness
To strengthen the sense of smell
To support the return of the sense of smell (smell training)
To support and enhance memory
To relieve post-surgical or pregnancy related nausea
To support and enhance immunity
To reduce test anxiety for kids, teenagers, and adults
To relieve stress-related headaches or migraines
To enhance appetite or reduce appetite

Aromatic Inhalations in Hospital Settings

Jane Buckle has reported the use of aromatic inhalations in hospitals to help reduce anxiety, speed transition, and reduce nausea in labor units. Inhaled peppermint appears to relieve post-surgical nausea while inhaled clary sage can help speed delivery.

According to Buckle, “In the emergency room we use essential oils such as Origanum majorana (marjoram) or Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) to help patients calm down so they can tell us what has happened to them more coherently. We also use Mentha x piperita (peppermint), Mentha spicata (spearmint) and Zingiber officinale (ginger) to reduce nausea and we offer Angelica archangelica (angelica root or seed) or Rosa damascena (rose) for acute distress.”

Methods of Inhalation

There are several ways in which to utilize inhalation as a form of therapy.

Direct inhalation:

Direct inhalation refers to the technique of sniffing or inhaling an essential oil directly from a bottle, a handkerchief, or a cotton ball, or from the palms. Types of direct inhalation include:

Direct from the bottle: Create a synergy (undiluted essential oils) utilizing 3-5 essential oils and place them in a small bottle. Have the client waft the bottle under their nose while taking deep inhalations. This can be done 3-4x a day or as needed.
Handkerchief/Cotton-ball: Place 2-4 drops of essential oil or synergy on the tissue or cloth. Hold the cloth in the palms of your hand and take 2-3 deep inhalations through the nose. If using a cotton ball, gently waft the cotton ball under the client’s nose. This technique can be used 2-3x a day or as needed.
Direct palm inhalation: Direct palm inhalation refers to the technique of sniffing or inhaling an essential oil/s or synergy directly from the palms of your hands. Direct palm inhalations are most commonly utilized for the relief of emotional distress, to uplift and transform one’s consciousness, or simply to relax and breathe.

Personal Inhalers

Inhalers: An inhaler tube can be utilized for emotional conditions, mental fatigue, memory enhancement, hormonal balance, allergies, respiratory congestion, sinus infections, and simply to offer a pleasant aroma!
Smelling salts: Create a synergy with a total of 20-30 drops utilizing 3-5 essential oils and place in a 10ml (1/3 ounce) bottle. Once the synergy is in the bottle, fill the remainder of the bottle with either fine or coarse sea salts. Have the client waft the bottle under the nose while taking deep inhalations. This can be done 3-4x a day or as needed.

Essential Oil Dilution Rate for Inhalers/Smelling Salts

The recommended number of drops per inhaler or smelling salt formulation is 25 drops. A general framework would be 20-30 drops per inhaler.

How to Formulate an Inhaler

This is for one tube.

My intention/goal: To create an inhaler to support memory and to energize
My focus: Emotions/Psyche
My approach: System Affinities/Therapeutic Actions

1. Select 3-5 essential oils to work with based upon client consultation and goals of treatment or product. Core/Enhance/Harmonize

2. Place drops of chosen essential oil into a small bowl or beaker.

a. Place the pad into the inhaler tube, then pour a beaker of essential oils directly onto the cotton pad in a tube. OR
b. Using an organic cotton pad cut to size or pad that came with inhaler tube, soak up the essential oil from the beaker. Place pad into inhaler tube.

3. Place cap on end of tube to seal in cotton pad.
4. Label tube with ingredients.
5. Inhaler tube is now ready for use!
6. Use as needed throughout the day.

Shelf life:

An aromatic inhaler will be good for approximately 6-12 months. I recommend trying to use it within 2-3 months to receive its vitality.

STEAM INHALATION

Steam inhalation is used specifically for the respiratory system and can be effectively applied to support the expectorating properties of essential oils. Boyd and Sheppard (1968) report that steam inhalation can affect the output and composition of respiratory tract fluid. They also point out that low dilutions of aromatics for short periods of time are most effective. Longer exposure times can reduce the efficacy of steam inhalations so short duration and low concentration are the keys to optimal results.

Steam inhalations are indicated for:

Congestion in upper respiratory tract (cold or flu)
Sinus infection (sinusitis)
Dry nasal cavity

How to Make a Steam Inhalation:

Bring 4 cups of water to boil, reduce heat, and let water cool for 5 to 10 minutes. Pour water into a glass bowl and place on a table so the individual can sit or stand over the bowl. Add 2 to 5 drops of essential oil or synergy. Inhale vapors for 3 to 5 minutes. A towel can be placed over the head to increase the concentration of inhalation. Inhalations can be used 2 or 3 times a day in the treatment of specific respiratory disorders.

Safety Note: Keep eyes closed to avoid irritation. Avoid mucus membrane irritating essential oils.

Best Essential Oils to use for Steam Inhalation

Cypress
Eucalyptus globulus
Frankincense
Laurel
Lemon
Peppermint (only 1 drop)
Rosemary ct. cineole or camphor
Tea tree

Therapeutic dilution recommendation:
A low concentration of 2 to 5 drops of essential oil or a synergy in approximately 4 cups of steaming hot water is sufficient.

Lesson 4: Aromatic Spritzers

AROMATIC SPRITZERS

Aromatic spritzers, also known as room sprays or linen sprays, have become popular for their ability to freshen and cleanse the air and uplift, relax, or energize those exposed to their aromas. In addition, aromatic spritzers can reduce unwanted or unpleasant odors in the air or “scent” clothing, bed linens, and fabric on furniture.

In general, aromatic spritzers are useful for:

Room and air freshener
Body sprays
Reducing undesirable odors in the air
To eliminate or preventing bed bugs
To soothe a variety of emotional states
Linen sprays

Ingredients for Aromatic Spritzers

The basic ingredients of aromatic spritzers are distilled water and essential oils. You can also replace water with hydrosol or with a combination of hydrosols. If using water, I recommend using distilled water when possible and affordable. If not, spring or tap water is fine, too. However, with spring or tap water, I recommend boiling the water first to remove any potential contamination. Be sure to bring it to a boil and let it boil for 1-3 minutes.

Essential Oil Dilution Rate for Aromatic Spritzers

I recommend a 1-3% dilution for a general room spray.

When making an aromatic spritzer or linen spray, do you have to use an emulsifier or dispersing agent? Should you use a preservative? Let’s look at these ingredients and when and why you might consider using them.

What is an emulsifier?

An emulsifier is used for making creams, lotions, and hair conditioners. The emulsifier helps combine two immiscible ingredients, e.g., the oil (lipid) phase with the water phase. Common emulsifiers include emulsifying wax, Olivem 1000, or Xyliance.

What is a solubilizer?

A solubilizer is a type of surfactant that helps emulsify essential oils into water. It can be used to create aromatic spritzers, gels, and toners. The main difference between an emulsifier and a solubilizer is the particle size of the ingredient needing to be dispersed. In the case of essential oils, we are talking about very small particle sizes.

Common Solubilizers

• Solubol
INCI: Vegetable Glycerin, Coconut Extract, Soy Lecithin, Maltodextrin (a food additive derived from wheat), Acacia gum (gum Arabic), Vitamins E and C, and Rosemary Extract
US supplier: https://naturesgift.com/product/solubol-nv/

• PlantaMulse Liquid
INCI Name: Sorbitan Laurate (and) Polyglyceryl-4 Laurate (and) Dilauryl Citrate
US supplier: https://www.theherbarie.com/PlantaMulse-Liquid.html

• PEG Free Solubilizer
INCI: Polyglyceryl-4 Caprylate, Decyl Glucoside, Sodium Lauroyl, Glutamate, Diglycerin, Aqua
US supplier: https://essentialwholesale.com/peg-free-solubilizer

• Symbio®Solv Clear Plus
INCI: Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside; Aqua; Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate; Glyceryl Caprylate; Citric Acid; Polyglyceryl-6 Oleate; Sodium Surfactin
UK supplier: https://www.thesoapkitchen.co.uk/symbiorsolv-clear-plus
Or https://www.bayhousearomatics.com/solubiliser-clear-plus-symbiosolv.html

• Solubilizer (Sodium Sunflowerseedate)
US supplier: https://www.edenbotanicals.com/products/specialty-extracts-antioxidants/solubilizer-sodium-sunflowerseedate

NOTE: If you choose to use a solubilizer, be sure to read the instructions from the supplier. The instructions should include dilution recommendations for the solubilizer. Typically, the essential oils and solubilizer are mixed together prior to combining with water.

What about alcohol?

Another variation to combine essential oils into water is to use 190-proof grain alcohol. To solubilize essential oils into water using 190-proof alcohol:

1. Use at least 25-30% alcohol as a part of your formulation
2. Combine essential oils with alcohol first. Let stand covered for 1-3 hours.
3. Then, add 70-75% distilled water or hydrosol.
4. Stir or shake until well combined.
5. Fill bottles, cap, and label with name and ingredients.

This makes for a room spray with a great shelf life of up to 12 months. The benefit of using 70% alcohol is that essential oils are soluble in the alcohol, and no solubilizer would be needed.

Can I use witch hazel hydrosol?

The answer to whether you can use witch hazel hydrosol in a spritzer with essential oils is both yes and no. If you don’t mind shaking the spritzer before each use, then using witch hazel hydrosol is a viable option. However, if you’re looking to fully dissolve the essential oils into the water, witch hazel hydrosol may not be the best choice.

Witch hazel hydrosol typically contains around 14-15% alcohol, which is not sufficient to solubilize essential oils in water. It’s important to note that some witch hazel hydrosols do not contain any alcohol at all, so it’s crucial to check with your supplier to determine the alcohol content of the product you’re using.

If you decide to use witch hazel hydrosol in your spritzer, keep in mind that you’ll need to shake the bottle before each use to ensure that the essential oils are evenly dispersed throughout the mixture. This is because the oils will naturally separate from the water over time.

Do I need to use a preservative?

When creating a product for resale, it’s advisable to consider adding a preservative to your spritzer, as water-based products are susceptible to the growth of mold and bacteria. While preservatives are beneficial for maintaining the integrity and safety of retail products, they are not essential for spritzers intended for personal use at home. Including preservatives will also increase the overall cost of producing the spritzer.

If you choose not to use a preservative in your homemade spritzer, there are a few important steps you can take to minimize the risk of contamination. First, always use distilled water instead of tap water, as distilled water is free from impurities and microorganisms that could contribute to the growth of mold or bacteria. Second, ensure that you use the spritzer within 3 months of making it. This relatively short shelf life helps to prevent the development of any unwanted microorganisms that could potentially harm your skin or compromise the quality of the product.

By following these guidelines and maintaining proper hygiene during the production process, you can create a safe and effective spritzer for personal use without the added expense of preservatives.

Note: Potential Preservatives to use include Leucidal, Geogard Ultra^TM, OptiphenTM bsb-w preservative, Geogard ECT^TM, or Euxyl™ k 903. If you are going to use a preservative, please read the supplier information on pH requirements, dilution rate, and how to combine it with the product.

Shelf Life of Aromatic Spritzers

If made with distilled water only, it will last 1–3 months when stored in a cool place. To ensure the vitality of the aroma, we recommend using this type of aromatic spritzer within a month.
If made with alcohol, store for 6–12 months. If possible, we recommend using aromatic spritzers within six months to ensure the vitality of the aroma.
If made using a preservative, the spritzer could last up to and over 1 year. However, to enjoy the vitality of the aroma, I recommend using it within six months.

General Dilutions for Aromatic Spritzers

How to formulate an Aromatic Spritzer

This is for a 2 fl. oz. (60ml) aromatic spritzer.
2-ounce Boston round holds: 60ml / 53gm water
2.5% dilution = 30 – 46 drops

My intention/goal: To create an antimicrobial room spray
My focus: Physical (reduce microbes in the air)
My approach: Therapeutic actions

1. Select 3-5 essential oils to work with based on client consultation and goals of treatment or product.

2. Combine essential oils (and solubilizer, if using) into the bottle.
If using PET plastic, combine essential oils in a small glass beaker first, then add in to the PET bottle after distilled water. Then, move to step 5.
3. For Glass bottles: Gently shake to combine essential oils.
4. For Glass bottles: Fill the bottle with distilled water.
5. Close the bottle and shake gently.
6. Label with name and ingredients.
7. Your aromatic spritzer is now ready for use.

Recipes

Forest Bathing Spray

2 fl oz spray bottle
3% essential oil dilution: 36-54 drops

2 fl oz distilled water
Solubilizer, if using (as per instructions)
Core: 15 drops Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)
Enhancer: 15 drops Black Spruce (Picea mariana)
Harmonizer: 10 drops Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea)

DIRECTIONS

Combine essential oils (and solubilizer) into the bottle.
Gently shake to combine essential oils.
Fill the bottle with distilled water.
Close the bottle and shake gently.
Your aromatic spritzer is now ready for use.
Spray in the room to enjoy the aroma!

Soothe Anxiety Away Spray with 190-proof alcohol

2 fl oz spray bottle
2% essential oil dilution 24-36 drops
25% 190-proof cane alcohol

1.5 fl oz lavender hydrosol (or distilled water)
0.5 fl oz 190-proof cane alcohol
Core: 15 drops Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)
Enhancer: 10 drops Frankincense (Boswellia sacra)
Harmonizer: 6 drops Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin)

DIRECTIONS

Combine the essential oils and alcohol into the bottle.
Gently shake to combine.
Let essential oils and alcohol sit together for 1-4 hours.
After 1-4 hours, fill the bottle with distilled water.
Close the bottle, and shake gently.
Your aromatic spritzer is now ready for use.
Spray in the room and enjoy the aroma!

Sleep Linen Spray

2 fl oz spray bottle
2% essential oil dilution 24-36 drops

2 fl oz distilled water
Solubilizer, if using (as per instructions)
Core: 12 drops Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)
Enhancer: 8 drops Clary sage (Salvia sclarea)
Harmonizer: 10 drops Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) or Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)

DIRECTIONS

Combine essential oils (and solubilizer) into the bottle.
Gently shake to combine essential oils.
Fill the bottle with water.
Close the bottle, and shake gently.
Your aromatic spritzer is now ready for use.

To support a healthy night’s sleep, consider misting around your bed, under your pillow, on top of your blankets, or in the air around your bed. Enjoy the relaxing, calming aroma as you fall asleep!

Lesson 3: Aromatic Baths

Baths have been employed for their health benefits since ancient times. The earliest writings regarding the therapeutic benefits of bathing are attributed to the Indian Vedas, which date from approximately 1500 BC. The Romans are best known for utilizing baths extensively for their health benefits, creating elaborate bathhouses for people to visit. Hippocrates, the famed Greek physician, employed ‘hydrotherapy’ with aromatic oils and deemed baths essential to good health. The history of medicinal baths is extensive, and it would appear that they are experiencing a renaissance in the modern world due to their benefits in relieving stress and supporting emotional and physical well-being.

Watch About Baths with Jade

Full-Body Baths

A full-body bath is the complete immersion of the body in a fluid or in a vaporous medium such as steam. The effects of a full-body bath will vary according to the temperature of the water and the duration of time the individual will be immersed. The average time for a full-body hot bath (90°-105° F / 32° C – 40° C) is twenty minutes or less.

In general, aromatherapy full-body baths are useful to:

Reduce stress/anxiety
Alleviate muscular aches, pains, and tension
Soothe mental or physical fatigue
Stimulate circulation
Enhance lymph circulation
Reduce pain and stiffness
Improve tone and health of skin
Aid detoxification
PLUS the benefits of the essential oils, hydrosols, or salts used

Essential Oils in the Bath

Therapeutic dilution recommendation

The number of drops of essential oil to place into a bath will depend upon the essential oil(s) being utilized. On average, use 5 to 10 drops of essential oil in a full-body bath. However, there are some oils, such as jasmine, when 1 to 2 drops would be sufficient, and other oils, like lavender, when 10 to 15 drops would be fine. Avoid essential oils that are dermal irritants, dermal sensitizers, and mucus membrane irritants in baths. Examples of essential oils to AVOID in the bath include cinnamon bark, citronella, lemongrass, thyme ct. thymol, oregano, and winter savory.

How to add essential oils into bath water

To avoid potential skin irritation, it is useful to combine essential oils with a dispersant prior to adding them to the bathwater.

Dispersants include:

1. A small amount of liquid castile soap: combine essential oils with 1 Tablespoon of liquid soap in a small bowl, gently stir together, then add to bath water.
2. A small amount of carrier oil, with or without salt (caution: use of carrier oil can make the tub slippery!): Combine essential oils with 1 Tablespoon of carrier oil in a small bowl, gently stir together, and then add to bath water.
3. Solubilizer: combine essential oils with a solubilizer, then add to bath water.

Hydrosols in the Bath

Another great way to enjoy an aromatic bath is to use hydrosols. You can either use just hydrosols or add hydrosols + essential oils. For babies and young children, the use of hydrosols without essential oils is much preferred.

- For babies up to six months, add 1 teaspoon of chosen hydrosol to an infant bathtub or 2 teaspoons for an adult tub filled to baby depth.
- For children up to twelve years of age, add 1 teaspoon of hydrosol per year of age, up to a maximum of 8 teaspoons.
- Adults can use from 30 to 250 milliliters (approximately 1 to 8 ounces per tub).

How to prepare a bath:

The water should be at the desired temperature, and the essential oils or hydrosols should be added to the bath once the individual is in the bath. Placing essential oils in the bath prior to immersion can lose some of the desired effects, as well as increase the chance of irritation to the mucus membranes of the vaginal/rectal area. Once in the bath, add the appropriate essential oil/synergy drops (that have been combined with a dispersant) and agitate the water to disperse the concentration throughout the bathwater. Essential oils are lipophilic and hydrophobic, so most often, the essential oils will quickly seek to be absorbed by the skin.

Safety Note:If an individual gets red blotches or irritation on the skin while bathing, this means
that too much essential oil was added to the bath, a dispersant should have been used, or the client has experienced an idiosyncratic or allergic reaction. Should irritation occur, recommend a light cream or aloe vera gel without essential oils; the irritation should dissipate within an hour.

Simple Aromatic Bath Recipe: To support a good night’s sleep

- 5 drops Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)
- 3 drops Frankincense (Boswellia sp.)
- 2 drops Tangerine/Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)
- 1 spoonful (Tbsp.) Sweet almond oil or other carrier oil

To make: Combine essential oils and carrier oil in a small glass beaker or bowl. Gently stir together with a glass or metal stirring rod. Add to bath water once you are in the bath. Take a few deep breaths to enjoy the initial aroma, relax, and enjoy the bath. Safety note: the use of carrier oil can make the bathtub a bit slippery; use caution when getting out of the tub.

Aromatic baths with Epsom salts or sea salts

Epsom and sea salt baths are highly effective in aiding and supporting the body in detoxing, physically and emotionally. Bathing salts with essential oils can also relieve anxiety, reduce the impact of stress on the body and mind, support a healthy night’s sleep, and uplift the spirits.

Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) help eliminate waste material from the skin and reduce muscular aches and pains by removing uric acid build-up. Magnesium is also absorbed by the skin, further reducing tension and inflammation in the body. Magnesium salt baths can relieve muscle cramps, stiffness in joints, back pain, and achy, overworked legs and feet.

The use of salts in a bath can support and enhance the body’s immune response by stimulating lymph and blood circulation. Sea salt or Epsom salt baths can also be incredibly useful for energetic/emotional cleansing.

Essential Oil Dilution Rate for Aromatic Bathing Salts
When it comes to making bathing salts, I tend to recommend 5-15 drops of essential oils per cup of salt rather than thinking in terms of dilution rate. The total number of drops can vary depending on the essential oil or essential oils selected.

How to formulate bathing salts

This is for a 16oz jar of bathing salts.

My intention/goal: To create a relaxing, anxiety-reducing bathing salt
My focus: Emotions/Psyche
My approach: Aromatic palette (floral, spice, herbaceous, citrus)

1. Measure (and weigh, if desired) salt in 16oz jar
Sea salt: 1 ½ cups / 415g

2. Select 3-5 essential oils to work with based upon client consultation and goals of treatment or product. Core/Enhance/Harmonize

3. Measure (and weigh, if desired) 1 Tablespoon of Jojoba (approx. 12g) or other carrier oil
4. Using a small (10ml) glass beaker or bowl, add drops of each essential oil to the beaker or bowl, then add into carrier oil.
5. Pour carrier oil + essential oil mix into salts. Stir ingredients until well combined.
6. Once combined, scoop the salts into a clean glass or PET plastic jar.
7. Label the jar with a name and list all ingredients.
8. The bathing salts are now ready for use.

How to use: Add ½ cup to the bath water either just before getting into it or once in the bath. This way, you don’t miss out on the aroma!

Shelf life:

Bathing salts last approximately 6-12 months. I recommend using them within 3 months to enjoy their vitality.

Foot and Hand Baths

A hand or foot bath means the complete or partial immersion of only the hands or feet in the water. Green comments that “the sole of the foot is one of the most important areas in the body, having a direct connection with the nerve centers that control the circulation of the pelvic and abdominal viscera.” Foot and hand baths can be used as an aspect of reflexology or bodywork treatment or simply for self-care.

In general, aromatherapy foot and hand baths are useful for:

- Stress/Anxiety
- Poor circulation
- Low energy
- Foot or hand aches and pains
- Arthritis and rheumatism (subacute phase)
- Nail and toe fungal infections
- Comfort therapy

How to make a Foot/Hand Bath:

Fill a basin with water at the desired temperature and add in chosen essential oils and/or hydrosols. A dispersant such as a carrier oil or liquid castile soap may be used but is not necessary for a hand or foot bath. Place feet or hands in the basin. Let feet or hands soak for 5 to 10 minutes. Add 1/2 cup of Epsom or sea salts for enhanced benefits.
Therapeutic dilution recommendation:

- 5 to 7 drops of essential oil in a basin of warm/hot water
- 1 to 3 tablespoons of chosen hydrosol
- Can combine essential oils with 1 Tbsp. carrier oil or unscented liquid soap prior to adding into water